Natural Hydrogen: The Future of Clean Energy
Natural hydrogen is a zero-carbon energy source extracted directly from the earth by drilling. With a projected market growth from just $150k in 2023 to $200B by 2050, it offers a cleaner alternative to carbon-intensive hydrogen production methods. Key industries including chemical manufacturing, metals and mining, refineries, energy and food companies should adopt natural hydrogen to reduce emissions, improve sustainability and increase economic efficiency
What is Hydrogen?
Hydrogen (H2) is a transparent, odorless, flammable gas with a zero-carbon footprint. It is the lightest chemical element and the most abundant element in the Universe. It is present on the Earth's surface mainly in the form of compounds (H2O). It releases only water after combustion
Hydrogen is a promising source of energy because of its high energy density and the possibility of using it in various fields, including transport, industry, and energy
Hydrogen is also an important raw material for many industrial processes, including the production of ammonia, methanol and plastics. It can be used as a fuel for fuel cells, which convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity, releasing only water as a by-product
Classification and Applications
Types of hydrogen by origin:
Hydrogen is classified into different types based on its production method, each with varying environmental impacts and economic considerations:
- White (or natural or gold or geological) – extracted from earth by drilling
- Green – water electrolysis using renewable energy sources
- Brown (or Black) – coal gasification
- Gray – steam reforming from natural gas
- Blue – gray hydrogen with capture and storage of CO2
- Turquoise – pyrolysis of natural gas with carbon capture
- Pink (or purple or red) – water electrolysis using nuclear energy
- Yellow – water electrolysis using electricity from fossil fuels
Usage of hydrogen:
Hydrogen has a wide range of applications across various sectors. Its versatility makes it a promising solution for decarbonizing multiple aspects of the economy.
- Electricity production through fuel cells or burning
- Thermal energy generation through burning
- Feedstock for chemical processing
- Feedstock for food production
- Clean water source after burning and oxydation
Natural H2
Natural hydrogen is an intriguing and promising energy source that has been the subject of increasing scientific interest and exploration in recent decades. This odorless, colorless gas is believed to originate deep within the Earth's core and mantle, from where it is continuously degassing from the start of the formation of the planet. As this hydrogen migrates upwards, it can react with other elements, creating different substances and rocks, and capture helium with it
The idea of a hydrogen-enriched Earth is not new:
1
1888
Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev publishes an analysis of a natural gas sample containing 5.8-7.5% hydrogen, one of the earliest documented studies of hydrogen-rich gas
2
Early 20th Century
Renowned Russian scientist Vladimir Vernadsky proposes the idea of a hydrogen-enriched Earth, laying the groundwork for future theories
3
1940s-1950s
English astrophysicist Fred Hoyle suggests the solar system formed from a giant spinning cloud of ionised matter, where the sun and planets condensed as the gas cooled
4
1968
Russian geologist Dr. Vladimir Larin develops the comprehensive "Hydridic Earth" model, proposing that hydrogen combined with elements like silicon, magnesium, aluminum and iron to form the Earth's structure and layers – in contrast to the established silicate Earth and plate tectonics models. Larin calculated that early Earth was composed of around 60% hydrogen
5
1970s-Present
Numerous natural hydrogen and helium seepages are discovered worldwide, validating the predictions of Vernadsky, Mendeleev and Larin.
Hydrogen continues to escape from the Earth's core, forming the oil and natural gas reserves and natural hydrogen streams we observe today, providing a potential clean energy source for the future
Hydrogen Streams are Observed from Iron Age:
Perpetual fire is burning for at least 2,500 years now next to Olympus mountain in Turkey and never ceases. H2 content is 11%. There are many similar places with hydrogen containing 'eternal fire' around the world
The source of 98.6% pure hydrogen was found in 2012 as a result of reopening of an old well drilled for search of water near Bourakebougou village in Mali. Small power plant is working on hydrogen there providing free electricity to the local village. H2 pressure in the well since that time did not change
Proving Facts
Natural H2 is found in almost any place of the planet
Proving facts of hydrogen seepage are well documented in Turkey, USA, Australia, Canada, Mali, Finland, Russia, Brazil, Oman, Ukraine, France, Iceland, Switzerland, Albania, New Caledonia, Spain, South Korea, South Africa, Namibia, Morocco, China, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Sweden, Norway, Finland and many other countries. These natural hydrogen flows, often discovered accidentally during water or petroleum exploration, provide consistent evidence for deep Earth hydrogen degassing processes that align with the Hydridic Earth theory. In many locations these seepages have been actively emitting hydrogen for decades without depletion, suggesting connection to the core and mantle of the planet
Scientists of Tokyo University in 2021 independently came to the conclusion that Earth's core contains up to 50-70 times more hydrogen than in all water of the planet. This groundbreaking research utilized advanced computer simulations and high-pressure experimental methods to analyze the behavior of iron-hydrogen compounds under extreme conditions similar to those at Earth's core. The findings suggest that hydrogen is not merely present in trace amounts but exists as a major constituent element in Earth's inner structure, supporting the hypothesis that our planet began its formation with significantly more hydrogen than previously believed
ScienceJapan
The Earth's core contains large amounts of hydrogen, held 50 times more water in the past than in the oceans of today, research group including the University of Tokyo proves
11.12.2023 Mr. Macron, the French president, announced intentions to invest massively into geological H2 exploration and extraction to make France №1 in white hydrogen. This strategic initiative represents a major shift in national energy policy, with France committing substantial resources to develop technologies capable of safely accessing and utilizing natural hydrogen resources. The program includes funding for detailed geological surveys, innovative drilling techniques and development of specialized extraction equipment designed specifically for hydrogen's unique properties
Le Figaro
Emmanuel Macron veut faire de la France un champion de l’hydrogène naturel
INFOGRAPHIE - Le président de la république pousse à l’exploitation des gisements nationaux.
Borneo Post Online
China completes drilling of Asia's deepest vertical well | Borneo Post Online
BEIJING (Feb 23): China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) announced on Feb 20 that it has completed the drilling of the deepest vertical well in Asia, as a borehole reached a depth of 10,910 meters in China’s northwestern desert. Located in the heart of the Taklimakan Desert in the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, theRead More
At the beginning of 2025, drilling of an ultra-deep research well with a depth of 10,910 meters was successfully completed in China. The Tarim Well number 1 is now the deepest in Asia and the second deepest in the world after Kolskaya Sverkhglubokaya. Drilling has been carried out for almost two years in a remote area of the Taklamakan desert (Xinjiang). The Tarim Well number 1 project provided scientists with invaluable rock samples and brought a sensational discovery: hydrocarbons were discovered at this high depth. This is the first time that oil and the second time for natural gas to have been discovered at such a depth on land, which refutes the traditional organic (or biogenic) concept of hydrocarbon formation, which assumes that hydrocarbons are formed from organic matter of animal or plant origin, and proves the hydrogen origin of hydrocarbons, which confirms the concept of an initially hydride Earth
The Kola Superdeep Borehole (SG-3), known in Russian as "Кольская сверхглубокая скважина," stands as the deepest man-made hole on Earth, reaching a depth of 12,262 meters. Drilled between 1970 and 1992 on the Kola Peninsula in Russia, this monumental project aimed to explore the Earth's crust and yielded several groundbreaking scientific discoveries:
- The drilling process released significant amounts of hydrogen gas, causing the drilling mud to appear "boiling." This phenomenon points to active degassing from the core
- Unexpectedly, water was discovered at depths between 3 to 6 kilometers. This water is believed to have originated from deep crustal processes rather than surface infiltration, indicating the existence of deep hydrothermal systems
- At depths where there are no sedimentary rocks, methane has been found in enormous concentrations. This has completely destroyed the theory of the biological origin of hydrocarbons such as oil and gas
- Temperatures at the borehole's bottom reached approximately 212°C, significantly higher than the predicted 100–120°C suggesting more complex thermal gradient within the Earth's crust than previously understood
- Contrary to expectations, the anticipated transition from granite to basalt (the "Conrad discontinuity") was not observed. Instead, granitic rocks persisted at greater depths, challenging existing geological theory based on seismic data
- The borehole revealed six types of ore mineralization, including copper-nickel, gold-silver, and iron-titanium ores. Gold-silver mineralization was identified at depths 9.5 - 11 km, providing new insights into deep ore-forming processes
Wikipedia
Kola Superdeep Borehole
The Kola Superdeep Borehole SG-3 is the deepest human-made hole on Earth, which attained maximum true vertical depth of 12,262 metres in 1989. It is the result of a scientific drilling effort to penetrate as deeply as possible into the Earth's crust conducted by the Soviet Union in the Pechengsky District of the Kola Peninsula, near the Russian border with Norway.
Natural Hydrogen Features
As the world explores new energy solutions, natural hydrogen stands out as a unique and promising resource. Unlike other forms of hydrogen that must be produced from various feedstocks, natural hydrogen is a primary energy source found within the Earth's core and mantle. Below you can see environmental benefits and economic potential of natural hydrogen, as well as the challenges involved in harnessing this clean-burning fuel
Environmental Impact and Costs of Different Types of H2
As the world increasingly looks to hydrogen as a clean energy solution, it's important to consider the environmental impact and costs associated with the various methods of hydrogen production. From traditional fossil fuel-based processes to emerging renewable pathways, each approach has unique trade-offs that must be carefully evaluated
Carbon Footprint Comparison
H2 estimated cost in 2050
Natural hydrogen can serve as a sustainable and source of clean energy, with the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions across various sectors. Implementing hydrogen technologies could lead to a more environmentally friendly and economically viable energy system, contributing to a more sustainable future. Additionally, the decreasing cost projections for hydrogen production indicate its increasing competitiveness as a key player in the transition to a low-carbon economy and next industrial revolution
Market Overview and Growth Projections
The hydrogen market is poised for substantial growth, driven by the increasing demand for clean chemical feedstock and energy solutions across industry, transportation and power generation. Natural hydrogen is gaining significant attention as a sustainable and environmentally friendly feedstock and energy source
Compared to green hydrogen, which requires energy-intensive electrolysis, natural hydrogen is extracted directly from hydrogen bearing geological anomalies/structures, drastically reducing both CAPEX and OPEX
Supportive government policies, technological advancements and growing environmental awareness underpin this growth. As the world transitions to a low-carbon economy, natural hydrogen is poised to play a crucial role in sustainably meeting demand
The economic advantages of natural hydrogen, with its lower CAPEX and OPEX, make it an attractive option for investors and industries looking to transition to clean feedstock and energy. This cost-effectiveness, combined with its environmental benefits, positions natural hydrogen as a key player in the future economy
Hydrogen market expansion projections are as follows:
Sources: IEA, McKinsey, Hydrogen Council, Bloomberg
These projections underscore the significant potential of the hydrogen market and its role in shaping a sustainable future. The transition to a hydrogen-based economy requires concerted efforts from governments, industry stakeholders and research institutions to overcome technical, economic and regulatory challenges
In terms of production volumes, natural hydrogen output is forecasted to surpass 12 million tonnes annually by the end of the decade. This represents an incredible increase from the current estimated output of just over 0.05 million tonnes per year, highlighting the immense potential for natural hydrogen to become a major contributor to the world's sustainable economy
These promising market projections are driven by growing recognition of natural hydrogen as a clean, abundant and cost-effective feedstock and energy source. As governments and industries worldwide accelerate their transition towards sustainability, the demand for reliable, renewable alternatives to fossil fuels continues to rise rapidly
Realizing this vision will require close collaboration across the energy, technology and infrastructure sectors. By aligning their strategies and investments with the projected growth of natural hydrogen, stakeholders can profit from new economic opportunities and drive the transition towards a more sustainable future
Key Hydrogen Consuming Industries
Key industries driving the consumption of hydrogen include transportation, manufacturing and energy production. These sectors are increasingly turning to hydrogen as a versatile and eco-friendly solution to meet their feedstock and energy needs. The potential for hydrogen to decarbonize these industries is driving investment and innovation in hydrogen production and utilization technologies
Chemical Producers
Leading chemical companies (like Dow, BASF and Linde) are proactively transitioning their operations to cleaner, hydrogen-based processes. This strategic shift is driven by the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and meet growing consumer demand for more sustainable products
Compared to traditional hydrogen production methods, natural hydrogen offers a zero-carbon, cost-effective alternative that aligns with their environmental and financial goals. By integrating natural hydrogen into their operations, these manufacturers can significantly cut their carbon footprint, comply with increasingly stringent emissions regulations and appeal to eco-conscious consumers and investors
Natural hydrogen can be seamlessly incorporated into a variety of chemical processes, such as ammonia synthesis, methanol and e-fuels production and hydrogenation reactions. This allows chemical companies to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels, lower their energy costs, and make meaningful progress towards their sustainability targets
Metals and Mining
Major steel producers (like ArcelorMittal, Nucor and Tata Steel) are under mounting pressure to address their industry's significant carbon emissions, which account for around 8% of global CO2 output. Governments are imposing stricter regulations, restrictions and additional payments for exceeding emissions limits, driving these manufacturers to seek cleaner alternatives. Non-ferrous producers can also benefit from natural hydrogen in a similar way
Hydrogen-based steel production offers a zero-carbon solution to replace traditional coal-reliant methods. By adopting natural hydrogen technology, these companies can dramatically reduce their carbon footprint while also lowering their operating costs. This strategic shift not only helps them comply with evolving climate regulations, but also enhances their environmental leadership and appeal to eco-conscious consumers and investors
Natural hydrogen can be seamlessly integrated into various steel production processes, such as direct reduced iron (DRI) and electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking. By replacing coal and coke with natural hydrogen, steel manufacturers can effectively eliminate emissions from these critical process steps. Additionally, the use of natural hydrogen provides greater energy security and price stability, strengthening their long-term competitiveness in a green economy
Natural H2 is the most sustainable fuel for earth and ore moving equipment and convenient for mining operations. Retrofitting old haul trucks from diesel to hydrogen is a green solution for all mining companies
Anglo American was the first company to introduce hydrogen mining trucks into their mining operations in South Africa. First Mode (UK) is one of the companies making retrofitting of old mining trucks to H2 consumption
Natural H2 streams usually coincide with metallic ore deposits. Large iron and other metallic ore deposits can become natural centers of green steel, green HBI production and metal refining if natural hydrogen is discovered next to them
Refineries
Major oil and gas companies (like BP and Shell) are increasingly transitioning to cleaner hydrogen-based solutions to reduce their carbon footprint and meet ambitious sustainability goals. Hydrogen offers a cost-effective, zero-emission alternative to the traditional fossil fuel-based energy sources used in critical refining processes such as hydrocracking, hydrotreating, and hydrogen production
By adopting natural hydrogen technology, refineries can power a wide range of their operations, including hydrogen production for hydroprocessing, fuel for furnaces and boilers and feedstock for the synthesis of valuable chemicals like ammonia and methanol. While the upfront investment may be significant, the long-term benefits of switching to clean hydrogen are substantial
Integrating natural hydrogen allows refineries to lock in stable, long-term energy prices while significantly cutting their greenhouse gas emissions. This strategic shift positions them for success in a future low-carbon economy where environmental regulations and carbon pricing create strong incentives to decarbonize operations. By embracing natural hydrogen technology, these companies can enhance their environmental leadership, ensure regulatory compliance and appeal to eco-conscious consumers and investors
Energy Companies
Wind and solar power producers (like EDF, Enel, Duke Energy) may use natural hydrogen as a means to enhance the reliability and flexibility of their renewable energy operations. While wind and solar are increasingly cost-competitive and essential to the transition to a low-carbon future, their intermittent nature can create challenges for consistent power generation and grid stability
By integrating natural hydrogen into their energy mix, these companies can use it to generate electricity in gas turbines or fuel cells during times when there is no wind or sun. This hybrid approach maximizes the utilization of their renewable resources and reduces the need for fossil fuel-based backup power, increasing the overall efficiency and reliability of their energy production
Adopting natural hydrogen technology also allows wind and solar companies to diversify their portfolio and future-proof their operations. As the global demand for clean energy continues to grow, they can position themselves as leaders in the transition to a sustainable, hydrogen-powered economy. By harnessing the versatility and reliability of natural hydrogen, these companies can ensure stable supplies of clean energy while enhancing their environmental leadership and competitiveness in the market
Transportation
Powering zero-emission fuel cell vehicles (like from Toyota, Hyundai and BMW) offering over 300 miles of range and 5-minute refueling, revolutionizing long-haul trucking and public transport. Hydrogen vehicles offer a cleaner alternative to traditional fossil fuel cars, reducing carbon emissions and air pollution
Compared to electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicles offer faster refueling and longer ranges. Compared to gasoline vehicles, they produce zero tailpipe emissions, contributing to cleaner air and a healthier environment. Quick refueling and long range make them a practical solution for personal and commercial use. Hydrogen e-fuels, synthesized from hydrogen and captured CO2, offer a drop-in replacement for gasoline, enabling existing vehicles to reduce their carbon footprint
Public Utilities
Delivering clean thermal energy for residential neighborhoods and commercial districts through existing natural gas infrastructure with minimal modifications, reducing heating emissions by up to 95%
Natural hydrogen can be used in fuel cells to generate electricity and heat for homes and businesses. It can also be blended with natural gas to reduce the carbon intensity of heating systems. This approach leverages existing infrastructure, minimizing the need for costly upgrades
By using natural hydrogen for heating, communities can significantly reduce their environmental footprint
Natural hydrogen represents the cornerstone of the emerging hydrogen economy. As the cleanest and most cost-effective source of hydrogen at $0.50/kg (compared to $4-10/kg for green hydrogen), natural hydrogen can support deep decarbonization across multiple sectors while providing significant economic benefitsUnlike electrolytic hydrogen, natural hydrogen requires no external energy input, reducing capital expenditures by an estimated 60-80% and operating costs by an estimated 80-95% while avoiding the water consumption issues that plague other production methods
Helium: A Critical Resource Coming Along with Natural H2
Helium is a scarce, non-renewable noble gas crucial for medical, aerospace, semiconductor and manufacturing industries. The global market is projected to grow from $2.3B in 2022 to $6B by 2035, with its project value far exceeding hydrogen despite being extracted as a by-product due to its extremely high marginal profit
What is Helium?
Helium (He) is a strategic industrial gas with unparalleled properties. It is the least chemically reactive substance known, the second lightest and most abundant thermal conductor in the universe, after hydrogen, which gives it a distinct competitive advantage. This remarkable characteristic has enabled a diverse range of commercial applications, from cryogenics and MRI technology to specialty welding and deep-sea diving operations.
However, despite its cosmic abundance, helium is an increasingly scarce resource on Earth. Concentrated in finite underground reservoirs, this precious gas is steadily escaping our planet's atmosphere and dissipating into space. Industry experts warn that at current consumption rates, global helium supplies could be depleted within the next few decades
Recognizing the critical importance of this irreplaceable element, forward-thinking organizations are racing to develop innovative strategies to harness and conserve this dwindling resource. The future of the helium market hangs in the balance, underscoring the fragility and immense value of even the most ubiquitous building blocks of our universe
Helium-3 and Helium-4 are the two naturally occurring isotopes of the inert gas helium. While both share the same atomic number, they differ in the number of neutrons within their nuclei, giving rise to distinct properties and applications
Helium-4
More abundant isotope used in party balloons, airships, and cryogenic applications. Unique properties like low density and high thermal conductivity
Helium-3
Rare isotope with unique properties, including fusion capabilities at lower temperatures than Hydrogen-2. Sought-after fuel for potential future fusion reactors
While both isotopes are chemically identical, their divergent applications and scarcity have led to distinct market dynamics. Helium-4 is relatively abundant, with global supplies primarily sourced as a byproduct of natural gas extraction. Helium-3, on the other hand, is exceedingly rare, with global reserves estimated to be less than 20 tons
The growing demand for Helium-3 in scientific research and emerging energy technologies has sparked intense competition and supply chain challenges. As the world navigates the transition to more sustainable energy sources, the race is on to secure reliable and cost-effective access to both Helium-3 and Helium-4 - the twin pillars of this remarkable element's past, present, and future
Sources and Applications
Origins of Helium:
Helium, as a rare and valuable natural resource, which cannnot be synthesized or produced from any other matarials, exists in a form of a separate He molecule, originated from the Earth, and could be sourced in several ways:
- As a by-product from helium-rich natural hydrogen streams
- Radioactive decay in the Earth's crust
- Helium-rich gas fields
- Extraction as a byproduct of LNG production
- Helium from air (rare and expensive)
- Volcanic gases and geothermal fluids
These sources contribute to the global supply of helium, with varying levels of economic viability and environmental impact
Usage of Helium:
Helium's unique properties make it an inert and cooling critical component in:
- scientific research,
- medical technology,
- high-tech and semiconductor manufacturing,
- space exploration,
- metal processing and welding
Its inertness and extremely low boiling point make it indispensable in various high-tech applications
Market Overview and Growth Forecasts
Due to its many applications, the demand for helium has been steadily increasing in various industries. As a result, the market for helium is expected to grow significantly in the coming years, leading to concerns about supply and availability. Companies and governments are actively exploring new helium reserves and investing in advanced extraction technologies to meet the growing demand and ensure sustainability in the helium market
Surging Demand
Helium demand is skyrocketing 8-10% annually, driven by booming usage in MRI machines, semiconductor manufacturing, and the aerospace industry. Consumption now exceeds 6 billion cubic feet per year
Constrained Supply
With only 14 helium production facilities worldwide and 75% of reserves concentrated in the USA, Qatar and Algeria, the helium market faces high geopolitical vulnerability
Looming Shortage
Global helium supplies are projected to face a 20% deficit as Qatari facilities experience production disruptions and the US Federal Helium Reserve nears depletion, signaling an impending critical shortage
Semiconductor Industry to Drive Helium Market Fueled by Booming AI Demand
The helium market is poised for significant growth, primarily driven by increased demand from the semiconductor industry. This surge is closely linked to the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, which heavily rely on semiconductors produced within helium-cooled technological process.
Helium market expansion projections are as follows:
$2.3B
in 2022
or 29k tons
$3.4B
by 2030
or 34k tons
$6B
by 2035
or 57k tons
Sources: Globe newswire, Reuters, USGS, Infomine, IDTechEx
These projections indicate substantial growth in market value and volume over the next decade, underscoring helium's increasing importance across various industries
The semiconductor industry is not the only driver of helium demand. Other sectors, such as medical imaging (MRI), aerospace, and research, also contribute to the overall market growth
The global helium market faces serious supply challenges as traditional sources deplete and demand continues to grow at unprecedented rates
Economic Value
Current helium prices are $90-100 per kg compared to $4-10 per kg for hydrogen, making helium (by-product from hydrogen extraction) the key profit generating product even in small (0.5-2%) concentrations
The substantial price difference between helium and hydrogen underscores the economic attractiveness of helium extraction, even at low concentrations. This makes helium a key profit-generating product in hydrogen extraction processes
Key Helium Consuming Industries
Medical & Healthcare
Medical, Imaging centers and hospitals consume helium mainly for cooling in MRI machines. Helium's low boiling point and high thermal conductivity make it an ideal cryogenic fluid for maintaining the superconducting magnets in MRI scanners at the required extremely low temperatures. This ensures accurate and reliable imaging, which is critical for medical diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, helium is used in various respiratory therapies and to preserve cryogenic medical samples. As the demand for advanced medical imaging and treatments continues to grow, the healthcare industry's reliance on a stable and sustainable helium supply is becoming increasingly important
Aerospace
Agencies (such as NASA, ESA, CNSA, ISRO, JAXA and SpaceX) use helium for cooling rocket fuel and pressurizing fuel tanks. Helium's inert properties, low boiling point, and ability to remain in a gaseous state at extremely low temperatures make it an essential component in various space exploration and satellite launch activities. Helium is used to purge and pressurize rocket fuel tanks, ensuring the safe and efficient operation of launch vehicles. It also plays a crucial role in cooling and maintaining the cryogenic systems that power advanced spacecraft and satellites. As the space industry continues to evolve and expand, the demand for reliable and sustainable helium supplies will only increase, supporting the growth of cutting-edge space technologies and exploration missions
Electronics & Electrical
Hi-tech companies (such as Intel and TSMC) use helium for cooling and as an inert environment in semiconductor fabrication processes, while CERN uses helium for cooling superconducting magnets. Helium's unique properties, including its high thermal conductivity, low viscosity, and inert nature, make it an essential component in the production of high-quality electronic devices and components. In semiconductor manufacturing, helium is used to create a controlled, oxygen-free atmosphere, which is crucial for the delicate processes involved in chip production. Additionally, helium's cryogenic properties are leveraged in the operation of superconducting magnets, such as those used in particle accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. As the demand for advanced electronics and high-performance computing including quantum computing continues to grow, the reliance on a stable and sustainable helium supply will only increase
Metal Fabrication
Metal processing companies use helium as an inert atmosphere in specialized welding applications for metals like aluminum and titanium. Helium's inert properties prevent oxidation and contamination during the welding process, ensuring the production of high-quality, durable metal components. The use of helium in metal fabrication is particularly important for industries such as aerospace, automotive, and construction, where the integrity and performance of metal parts are crucial. As the demand for advanced materials and specialized manufacturing techniques continues to grow, the reliance on a stable and sustainable helium supply will become increasingly important for the metal fabrication industry
Hydrogen and Helium Supply Challenges
Despite growing demand, hydrogen and helium face significant supply challenges. Various hydrogen production methods (green, blue, pink, gray) all struggle with high costs, efficiency issues, or environmental impacts. Meanwhile, insufficient infrastructure and critical helium shortages create additional barriers to widespread adoption
Hydrogen Production Challenges
Unaffordably High Electrolysis Costs
Green hydrogen production is significantly hampered by excessive energy requirements – producing 1 kg of green H2 consumes 55 kWh while yielding only 22 kWh electricity through fuel cells, creating a fundamental efficiency challenge. Some energy companies report best production costs of $4-6/kg, whereas fossil-derived hydrogen costs much lower - $1-2/kg
High Costs of Carbon Capture
Blue and turquoise hydrogen production depends heavily on carbon capture technology, which remains prohibitively expensive at $50-100 per ton of CO₂ captured and technically unreliable, with persistent containment issues causing 5-15% leakage rates. Some of this kind of projects face 30-40% cost overruns due to these challenges
Limited Nuclear Energy Availability
Pink (also known as purple or red) hydrogen production relies on nuclear energy sources, confronting substantial challenges in availability, regulatory approval, and public safety concerns. Only a few commercial-scale facilities exist globally, with projected development timelines exceeding 10-15 years and regulatory approval processes lasting 3-5 years in most jurisdictions
High Costs of Carbon Footprint
Gray and brown hydrogen production methods depend on fossil fuels, generating 9-12 kg of CO₂ per kg of hydrogen produced. This necessitates expensive carbon credits (€65-100/ton in EU markets) to offset environmental impact, adding approximately €0.6-1.2/kg to H2 production costs for manufacturers
Infrastructure and Resource Challenges
Lack of Hydrogen Infrastructure
The insufficient development of storage, transportation and distribution networks severely impedes widespread adoption. Currently, only 0.1% of potential hydrogen users have reliable access, with fewer than 1,200 refueling stations globally. Pipeline networks cover less than 5,000 km worldwide, compared to over several million km for natural gas
Helium Supply Scarcity
Critical shortages stem from inadequate exploration efforts, with the US Federal Helium Reserve now depleted to less than 15% capacity. Major consumers face supply disruptions of 25-40% annually. Price volatility has reached unprecedented levels of 200-400% in recent years, with Grade-A helium prices spiking from $200/Mcf to over $600/Mcf between 2020-2023, severely impacting semiconductor and MRI manufacturing
Proven Proprietary Geological Model
Our proprietary geological model is built upon the revolutionary Hydridic Earth theory, which proposes that Earth formed with significant hydrogen content. This model explains natural hydrogen streams flowing from Earth's core to the surface, allowing us to precisely locate and extract commercially viable hydrogen and helium through shallow wells using advanced detection methods with minimal environmental impact
The Hydridic Earth: A New Theory of Earth's Origin and Evolution
In the 1940s and 1950s English honorable astrophysicist Fred Hoyle suggested that the Solar System formed from a giant spinning cloud of gas (ionized elements), where the Sun and planets came together as the gas cooled and condensed. Later, Soviet geologist Dr. Vladimir Larin in 1968 built on this idea the Hydridic Earth theory. Hydrogen combined with lighter materials, like silicon, magnesium, aluminum and iron, to shape Earth's structure and layers – unlike outdated existing silicate Earth and plate tectonics theories. According to Larin's calculations, about 60% of the atoms in early Earth were hydrogen, highlighting the planet's hydridic nature
This revolutionary perspective emerged from observations of anomalous hydrogen concentrations throughout the Earth's crust that could not be adequately explained by conventional models. Dr. Larin's detailed calculations based on Fred Hoyle's theory and later identification of multiple hydrogen emitting geological anomalies revealed hydrogen presence far exceeding predictions from traditional silicate Earth models, suggesting a fundamentally different planetary formation process than previously accepted
This would mean that Earth's composition and evolution could have been significantly influenced by hydrogen, setting the stage for reevaluating current geologic models. Larin's theory brings a fresh perspective on the Earth's formation, challenging traditional beliefs of its structure and development.
Revolutionary Perspectives on Earth's Composition
The Hydridic Earth model proposes that instead of a molten iron core surrounded by silicate layers, our planet's early formation involved substantial integration of hydrogen with metals creating primordial hydrides throughout the planetary mass. As these unstable hydrides decompose under changing temperature and pressure conditions, hydrogen is continuously released — creating dynamic flows from the planet's interior toward the surface. These hydrogen streams explain numerous geological phenomena that conventional theories struggle to account for, including certain earthquake patterns, volcanic gas compositions, and the formation of hydrocarbon deposits including the ones at extreme depths
Ongoing Hydrogen Emissions and Hydrocarbon Formation
After formation, the Earth started to emit captured hydrogen and continues to emit this gas today. Oil and gas are hydrocarbon substances constantly produced by H2 escaping from the core of our planet. Discovery of natural hydrogen is possible in almost all locations including those where there is oil and gas.
Recent field measurements across various tectonic settings reveal significant hydrogen flux rates that far exceed what conventional models would predict. Multiple independent research teams have documented substantial hydrogen emissions in diverse geological environments including cratonic shields, rift zones, deep ocean ridges, and even seemingly stable continental plains. These real-world observations provide compelling evidence for the continuous generation of hydrogen from depth rather than from localized near-surface processes.
Implications for Renewable Energy Resources
The continuous nature of hydrogen production through planetary degassing processes suggests that natural hydrogen represents a fundamentally clean and abundant resource unlike conventional fossil fuels. Based on Larin's Hydridic Earth model, hydrogen generated from Earth's interior could potentially provide an inexhaustible clean energy source that constantly seeps to the surface of the Earth. This perspective transforms our understanding of energy resource sustainability and offers promising pathways for addressing global energy needs without too much effort and environmental risks
Our Geological Model for Extraction
Historical Foundation of Hydrogen Drilling
The concept of drilling for natural hydrogen was first proposed by Dr. Vladimir Larin in the mid-1980s as part of his groundbreaking research into Earth's composition. In 1989, the Academy of Science of the USSR supported the parametric well drilling project to test these theories, laying the foundation for modern hydrogen extraction methodologies. Hydrogen streams are based on The Hydridic Earth theory, which proposes that significant quantities of hydrogen exist within Earth's interior in the form of metal hydrides.
These early Soviet research initiatives yielded surprising results when exploratory wells in the Kola Peninsula encountered hydrogen concentrations far exceeding background levels, water and hydrocarbons at extreme depths (more than 12 km). While these discoveries were initially treated as scientific curiosities rather than energy resources, they broke conventional silicate Earth dogma and provided crucial validation for Larin's theoretical framework and established the first empirical evidence for potentially extractable hydrogen reserves from deep geological formations.
Hydrogen Migration Process
Earth's core contains metal hydrides that gradually release hydrogen through natural processes. As temperature and pressure conditions change within the mantle, hydrogen separates from these compounds and begins its upward migration through fracture networks and permeable geological formations. This process creates concentrated pathways of hydrogen gas moving toward the surface.
This migration follows predictable patterns determined by geological structures. Major fault systems, deep-seated fracture networks, and zones of crustal extension function as preferential conduits, channeling hydrogen through least-resistance pathways. As hydrogen rises, it encounters various mineral assemblages that can either catalyze reactions with other elements or function as temporary reservoirs. Our advanced geophysical and geochemical techniques can identify these structural features and predict likely hydrogen streaming zones with remarkable precision.
Hydrogen Flow Characteristics
Natural hydrogen rises from asthenosphere and forms narrow streams at the surface. In average hydrogen wells are 1-2 km deep
These hydrogen streams demonstrate consistent physical behaviors that differentiate them from conventional hydrocarbon gas migration. Their extremely low molecular weight enables hydrogen to penetrate submicro-fractures impermeable to larger gas molecules, creating unique signature patterns detectable through specialized geophysical methods. Additionally, hydrogen's interaction with surrounding minerals produces diagnostic alteration zones that our geological teams can identify through core sample analysis and advanced spectroscopic techniques.
Extraction Strategy and Methodology
Our extraction model capitalizes on these natural hydrogen flows by identifying optimal drilling locations where these streams concentrate near the surface. We utilize advanced geophysical mapping techniques to detect hydrogen flux zones and associated helium markers that indicate viable extraction points. This approach minimizes environmental impact while maximizing hydrogen recovery from these continuous, naturally replenishing sources.
Our proprietary multi-phase assessment protocol begins with satellite-based remote sensing to identify macro-scale indicators of potential hydrogen flux zones. This is followed by ground-based micro-seismic surveys that map subsurface fracture networks serving as likely hydrogen conduits.
Technological and Environmental Advantages
The relatively shallow depth of hydrogen wells (1-2 km) compared to traditional fossil fuel extraction significantly reduces drilling costs and environmental disruption. Our proprietary geological assessment methodology combines satellite imaging, surface flux measurement, and deep seismic profiling to precisely locate these hydrogen-rich pathways with unprecedented accuracy.
This targeted approach eliminates the need for extensive and expensive exploratory drilling, substantially reducing both environmental footprint and capital expenditure. Our extraction methodology requires approximately 65% less surface disturbance than conventional natural gas production and uses specialized non-toxic drilling fluids specifically formulated to prevent contamination of groundwater systems. The resulting hydrogen streams require minimal processing compared to hydrogen derived from fossil fuel reformation, dramatically lowering the carbon intensity and energy inputs required throughout the production cycle.
Natural hydrogen extraction process on its own can also reduce global GHG effect. This effect is based on the fact that hydrogen constantly seeps to the surface and penetrates atmosphere where it neutralizes free hydroxyls (OH) which are very important in 'cleaning' the air from hazardous green-house gas methane. Thus constant seepage of hydrogen indirectly increases GHG effect. The more humanity takes natural hydrogen and wisely use it for its benefit the less hydrogen will dissolve in atmosphere with negative indirect GHG effect.